The stages of change model, developed by Prochaska and DiClemente, provides a framework for understanding how individuals move through the process of making behavioural changes. Recognising these stages in therapy is crucial because they guide the interventions and support a therapist can provide to meet the client where they are in their journey.
1. Precontemplation
In this stage, individuals are not yet considering change. They may be unaware of the problem, feel defensive, or believe change isn’t necessary. In therapy, building trust and raising awareness without judgment are key. Therapists can use motivational interviewing to gently explore the client’s values and the impact of their current behaviour.
2. Contemplation
Here, individuals acknowledge there is a problem but feel ambivalent about change. They may weigh the pros and cons, which can feel overwhelming. Therapists can assist clients in this stage by fostering self-compassion and clarifying their goals. Empathy and validation are essential as clients explore their mixed feelings.
3. Preparation
Clients in this stage are ready to take action and begin planning. They may set goals, research strategies, or gather resources. Therapy focuses on helping clients develop a clear, actionable plan and building confidence in their ability to succeed.
4. Action
This is the stage where clients actively work on implementing changes. It’s often the most visible and rewarding stage, but also demanding. Therapists can provide accountability, celebrate successes, and help clients navigate obstacles.
5. Maintenance
Clients focus on sustaining their changes and preventing relapse. Therapy here involves reinforcing new habits, addressing triggers, and developing coping strategies. Relapse is viewed as a learning opportunity rather than a failure.
Understanding the stages of change helps therapists tailor their approach, ensuring interventions align with the client’s readiness. Clients benefit from feeling understood and supported, leading to greater progress and resilience. By respecting where the client is, therapy becomes a collaborative process, fostering growth and lasting transformation.